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Authors
Oupathumpanont, Orawan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5188-3910
Parnsakhorn, Sunan
Anunvrapong, Amornrat
Wisansakkul, Sopida
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The National Science, Research and Innovation Fund, Thailand Science Research and Innovation (FRB67E0305)
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Article History
Received: 5 May 2025
Accepted: 30 September 2025
First Online: 27 October 2025
Declarations
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: This research was conducted following the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. It was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Thailand, under protocol number RMUTT_REC No. Exp 01/67. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. The pumpkin seeds used in this study were obtained from a local agricultural supplier in Pathum Thani, Thailand. The collection and use of the plant material complied with institutional, national, and international guidelines. No specific permissions were required for the use of this commonly cultivated agricultural product.
: The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the anonymized data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
