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Article History

Received: 22 September 2025

Accepted: 9 February 2026

First Online: 15 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The experimental protocols for the sensory evaluation were reviewed and approved by the Standing Committee for Scientific Research Ethics at Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants involved in the study. All participants were above age of 16.

: The Cucumis callosus plant parts used in this work were procured from cultivated material sourced in Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan, via a local farmer, and no wild collection occurred. As the material was locally procured cultivated produce, no wild-collection permits were required. Procurement and subsequent laboratory handling complied with local and national regulations in Pakistan and with institutional guidelines at Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.