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Authors
Kim, Juyoung
Lee, Seung Hyeon
Lee, Gwang-Woo
Ryu, Jaihyunk
Kim, Sang Hoon
Kim, Jin-Baek
Kim, Jae Hoon
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (523130-26)
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Article History
Received: 27 November 2025
Accepted: 13 February 2026
First Online: 24 February 2026
Declarations
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: The plant materials used in this study were legally obtained and handled in compliance with all relevant local and national regulations. Seeds of Capsicum annuum L. (Yuwolcho landrace) were provided by the Yeongyang Pepper Research Institute (Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea) with explicit permission for research use. Information regarding the seed source and procurement details is available through the link provided in the Footnotes 5 , and this landrace is generally accessible for seed acquisition through the Pepper Research Institute in Korea. No wild collection was conducted, and no endangered or protected species were involved. All plants were cultivated under controlled smart-farm and greenhouse conditions at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). Therefore, no additional permits or licenses were required. This study did not involve human participants or animals.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
