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Article History

Received: 17 November 2025

Accepted: 9 March 2026

First Online: 28 March 2026

Declarations

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: The authors declare that all experimental procedures in this study complied with the ethical standards required for research involving human subjects. Ethical approval was obtained from the Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (JUCAVM) Ethics Committee under approval number R|68|20102|2024 on 03|07|2024, and South Ethiopia Regional State, Gofa Zone office of Administration Management under approval number GZ Adm|356|01|2024 on 07|11|2024. For studies involving human participants, informed consent was obtained from all individuals, participation was voluntary, and all data were anonymized to ensure confidentiality. The authors confirm no conflicts of interest exist regarding the publication of this work.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study prior to taking part in any research activities. Participants were informed of the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits, voluntary nature of participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. Consent was obtained in accordance with institutional and ethical guidelines, and all data were collected and handled in compliance with relevant privacy and confidentiality standards.

: The authors confirm that all individuals involved in this study provided informed consent for the publication of their data, including any anonymized personal information included in the manuscript. Participants were fully informed of the study’s aims, the nature of the data to be published, and their right to withdraw at any stage prior to publication. All data have been handled in accordance with confidentiality and privacy standards, and no identifying information has been disclosed.

: The authors declare no competing interests.