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Article History

Received: 24 October 2025

Accepted: 12 March 2026

First Online: 18 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors have read and followed the ethical requirements for publication and confirm that the current work followed the ethical standard requirements approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Douala (Institutional Review Board) under the number. N° 3991CEI-Udo/09/2023/M. Fish samples were collected in accordance with the recommendations of the Ethics Committee of the University of Douala and in compliance with Cameroonian fisheries laws and no permissions were required. The number of fish collected was limited to what was strictly necessary and in accordance with the procedures laid down in the Basel Declaration.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.