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Authors
Abdalrahman, Barham
Hussein, Goran
Arif, Nishtiman
Aziz, Azhin
Hamzah, Haider https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4297-3647
Wahab, Muhammad F.
Ahmad, Saman A.
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Article History
Received: 28 January 2026
Accepted: 17 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was not required for this study, as the work involved only laboratory-based microbiological analysis of commercially available ice cream samples and did not involve human participants or animals.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable. No human participants were involved in this study; therefore, informed consent was not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
