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Article History

Received: 2 November 2025

Accepted: 11 May 2026

First Online: 15 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The questionnaire and methodology for this study were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the College of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University (No.065/03/2024). Hence, all research procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board of the College of Development Studies and adhered to the principles outlined in the Standard Operating Procedures of the College’s guideline of 2021, ensuring compliance throughout the study.

: We obtained verbal informed consent from all participants since we intended to include illiterate households. In addition, verbal agreements were more common and customary in societies where data were collected than written agreements. It is challenging to obtain a written agreement from all participants. The researcher informed the participants of the purposes, methods, and benefits of the research, including potential risks. Furthermore, the researchers respected the dignity, autonomy, culture, customs, and privacy of the participants. Hence, anonymity was used to avoid potential risks.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.