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Article History

Received: 2 February 2026

Accepted: 8 June 2026

First Online: 15 June 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the Research and Grants Committee of the Department of Agribusiness Management and Consumer Studies in the School of Agriculture and Technology at the University of Energy and Natural Resources, Ghana, in accordance with the Departmental Research Ethics Guidelines. The ethical approval ID for data collection on August 21, 2022, was DAMCSTH1-002-2022. The study involved human participants aged 18 or older, and their consent was obtained prior to the interview. Consequently, consumers were informed that the interview was conducted solely for academic purposes and that they were free to stop or decline to answer any question at any time. Thus, informed consent for the survey and for the use of data for the academic purposes of this study was sought from the consumers. Therefore, the study adheres to all relevant regulations and research ethics requirements.

Consent for publication: The respondents were informed that the research would be used for academic purposes, including publication, without their names being mentioned, and that they would be treated anonymously.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.