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Article History

Received: 2 June 2025

Accepted: 6 October 2025

First Online: 25 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical considerations were thoroughly observed throughout the study. Approval was secured from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at An-Najah National University, and all procedures adhered to the university’s ethical guidelines. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All procedures involving human participants were performed in compliance with the relevant guidelines and regulations stated in the Declaration. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after providing a full explanation of the study’s purpose, procedures, and their rights as participants. Confidentiality and anonymity were strictly maintained. Participants were assured that their responses would be used solely for research purposes and that they could withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences. Additionally, formal requests for study approval were submitted and granted by the administrations of the participating hospitals, ensuring full institutional support and transparency.

: Not applicable: This manuscript does not contain information or images that could lead to the identification of a study participant.

: The authors declare no competing interests.