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Authors
Ali, Mahmoud
van Berkel, Niels https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5106-7692
Tag, Benjamin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-2632
Paananen, Ville https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7377-9770
Oppenlaender, Jonas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2342-1540
Yatani, Koji https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4192-0420
Hosio, Simo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9609-0965
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Strategic Research Council (356128)
Strategic Research Council (335625)
Strategic Research Council (335729)
Research Council of Finland (356128)
Research Council of Finland (349637)
Research Council of Finland (353790)
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Article History
Received: 13 May 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 23 November 2025
Declarations
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: Our study was exempt from formal ethics approval following consultation with the Ethics Committee of Human Sciences at the University of Oulu, as it did not involve medical interventions and was classified similarly to online questionnaires. All methods were carried out in accordance with the University of Oulu research ethics policies. The study used pseudonymous identifiers to protect participant privacy, with consent and the right to withdraw data at any time (“Appendix ”)—though no one chose to do so. Informed Consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. All participants were aged 18 years or older; therefore, parental or guardian consent was not required.
: Authors give their consent to publish the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
