Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Fatima, Maryam
Qamar, Manahil
Irfan, Hira
Malik, Hurais
Batool, Faraheem
Shahzad, Jawaria
Alam, Muhammad Shoaib
Jamil, Muhammad Usama
Jamil, Alishba
Mohiuddin, Sumaira
Abdullah, Muhammad
Ahmed, Zuhair
Rehman, Abdul
Karam, Ayat ul
Malik, Usaid
Ahmed, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4608-5321
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 22 June 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The research adhered to ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association. This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College (Ref No: FRPMC-IRB-2024-55), Baqai Medical University (BMU-IREB/09-2024/005), Nishtar Medical University (NMU-7121), and Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College (2277-24/E.C./BAM&DC). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.
: All participants provided written informed consent for publication of their anonymized data.
: Not Applicable, as this was an observational cross-sectional study, not a clinical trial.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
