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Article History

Received: 30 June 2025

Accepted: 14 January 2026

First Online: 23 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical clearance for this research was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Rwanda (N0: 106/CMHS IRB/2023). In addition, authorisation to commence data collection was obtained from the Rwanda Governance Board through the respective district authorities, as required by national regulations.

: The consent for publication was obtained from all study participants.

: Before data collection, the researchers informed participants about the study objectives, procedures, potential benefits, and their rights to withdraw at any time without providing any reason. They were also informed that there no negative consequences resulting from such decision. After receiving this information, all participants gave both oral and written consent to participate. Confidentiality was strictly kept, and all data were gathered anonymously.

: The authors declare no competing interests.