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Article History

Received: 3 December 2025

Accepted: 5 February 2026

First Online: 18 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest. The research was carried out bearing in mind the ethical and privacy-related issues. The videos accessed to obtain all data in the experiments were all publicly available and accessed using official APIs without circumventing restrictions or privacy settings. No user- authenticated, restricted or private content was gathered or examined. In a further attempt to reduce the privacy risks, a filtering system was implemented which blocked videos with sensitive personal data, blatant personal disclosures or content that might cause privacy issues. The analysis was conducted at the aggregated level of segment and no personally identifiable data were saved, deduced or made with reference to individual identities. Also, the suggested framework is not expected to give clinical, diagnostic, or individual-level measures; instead, it targets high-level sentiment and affective pattern analysis. These will guarantee the use of the data in a responsible manner and will bring the study to the standards of the ethical research when analysing publicly available user-generated content.

: Not applicable.

: All authors have no affiliation with any organization with a direct or indirect financial interest in the subject matter discussed in the manuscript. All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.