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Authors
Hamamra, Bilal
Shehab, Ekrema
Nairat, Asmaa
Shubairi, Shahd
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Article History
Received: 9 May 2025
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 19 March 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of An-Najah National University (IBRA IS MAS March 7, 2025). The research was conducted in accordance with the guidelines and regulations of the An-Najah National University IRB, the ethical standards of the American Psychological Association (APA, 2010), and the principles outlined in the 2013 Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.
: Not applicable as no identifiable individual data are included and all quotations are anonymized.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
