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Article History

Received: 5 November 2025

Accepted: 16 March 2026

First Online: 24 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the University of Education, Winneba, Ghana. The study protocol was reviewed and approved in accordance with the Committee’s guidelines and the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (Ethics Approval Number: xe84237). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the approved guidelines and regulations. Informed consent to participate and to publish anonymised data was obtained from all individual participants before data collection. In accordance with ethical research standards, informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. Participants were fully informed about the purpose of the research, the voluntary nature of their participation, their right to withdraw at any time, and the measures taken to ensure confidentiality and anonymity. All participants provided explicit consent to participate and to allow the publication of the study’s findings in anonymised form. As all respondents were adults aged 18 years and above, no parental or guardian consent was required.

: All authors consent to the publication of this study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.