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Article History

Received: 25 November 2025

Accepted: 9 April 2026

First Online: 22 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and with the principles of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Vietnam (Project number: CS.2024.19.02TD). Since all participants were under the age of 18, written informed consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians prior to participation. In addition, verbal assent was obtained from the students after they had been fully informed about the purpose, procedures, potential risks, and voluntary nature of the study. Participants and their guardians were informed that participation was entirely voluntary and that they could withdraw from the study at any time without any negative consequences.

: All participants and their parents or legal guardians provided informed consent for the anonymous use of the interview data for research and publication purposes. No identifying information was collected or disclosed in the manuscript in order to ensure confidentiality and anonymity.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: We hereby declare that this manuscript is an original work that has not been submitted to nor published anywhere else.