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Article History

Received: 21 November 2025

Accepted: 31 May 2026

First Online: 11 June 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles for research involving human subjects established in the Declaration of Helsinki and the current national ethical guidelines in Chile. In all cases, voluntary informed consent was obtained from the participants before they began the questionnaire, ensuring compliance with ethical principles for research involving human subjects. In addition, the study was approved by the Institutional Bioethics Committee of Andrés Bello University (000047-UNAB). Prior to starting the questionnaire, participants accessed an informed consent letter detailing the study’s objectives, participants’ rights, and guarantees of confidentiality and anonymity. All participants were adults. Only those who voluntarily agreed to participate were able to proceed with the questionnaire, and they had the option to withdraw at any time without consequences.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.