Tuna, Mubarek
Demissie, Mekdes
Alemu, Daniel
Dereje, Jerman
Seyoum, Abebe
Gurmu, Mesfin Wubishet https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8758-9424
Article History
Received: 7 November 2025
Accepted: 8 June 2026
First Online: 13 June 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval and consent to participate: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Health Research Ethics Review Committee of Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Sciences (Ref. No. IHRERC 126/2024). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and hospital administrators; for those unable to read or write, consent was documented by fingerprint in the presence of a data collector. Participation was voluntary, with the right to withdraw at any time without consequence. Confidentiality was strictly maintained by excluding personal identifiers and safeguarding all collected data.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.