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Authors
Wang, Tianmeng
Wang, Yaping
Xu, Luyao
Kang, Yanqing
Liang, Jingbo
Lei, Shuangyan
Hui, Zhaozhao
Wang, Xiaoqin
Wang, Ronghua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2025SF-YBXM-075)
Natural Science Basic Research Project of Shaanxi Province (2025JC-YBQN-1109)
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Article History
Received: 9 May 2026
Accepted: 5 August 2026
First Online: 15 August 2026
Declarations
Consent to participate: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants by the CHARLS research team before data collection.
Ethical approval: This study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. The CHARLS study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (Approval No. IRB00001052-11015).
Coonflict of interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
