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Authors
Sahoo, Sanjay Kumar
Samantra, Avinash
Mohapatra, Chinmaya Kumar
Swain, Bishnu Prasad
Ali, Zulfiqar
Muhammad, Ghulam
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Siksha ’O’ Anusandhan Deemed To Be University
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Article History
Received: 27 May 2025
Revised: 8 August 2025
Accepted: 18 September 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors state that they have no known conflicting financial interests or personal ties that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this manuscript.
: The dataset utilized in this study comprises publicly accessible legal case records sourced from the Federal Court of Australia. All data were obtained through open-access legal information repositories intended for academic research. The dataset contains no personally identifiable information or sensitive content. Accordingly, no special ethical approval or legal clearance was required for its use. This study adheres to ethical standards for responsible AI research and respects the principles of transparency and data integrity.
