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Authors
Farahi, Rasoul
Derakhshanfard, Nahideh
Ghaffari, Ali
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Islamic Azad University, Mahabad Branch
Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran, Islamic Republic Of
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Article History
Received: 2 August 2025
Revised: 15 September 2025
Accepted: 28 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was not required for this study, as the research was performed using publicly available and anonymized datasets (ILPD and BUPA) with no patient-identifying information. All procedures were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
