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Article History

Received: 21 April 2025

Revised: 24 August 2025

Accepted: 26 October 2025

First Online: 27 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This research was conducted in accordance with ethical standards. All data used in this study were collected from publicly available sources, and no personal or sensitive information was used. Informed consent was not applicable as the data were anonymized and de-identified before use, ensuring the privacy and confidentiality of individuals. The study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional guidelines.

: We affirm that all authors have agreed to the submission and publication of this paper. Furthermore, we acknowledge that we have appropriately cited all sources and obtained necessary permissions for any copyrighted material included in the manuscript.

: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.