Iqbal, Talha
Curry, Edward
Ullah, Ihsan
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science Foundation Ireland (SFI/12/RC/2289 P2)
Article History
Received: 19 August 2025
Revised: 26 November 2025
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 20 February 2026
Declarations
:
: All the authors declare no Conflict of interest.
: This study utilised an open-source dataset of physiological signals with stress labels. Since the dataset was publicly available and anonymised, no direct experimentation with human subjects was conducted by the authors. Therefore, ethical approval was not required. The dataset providers ensured compliance with relevant ethical guidelines, including obtaining informed consent from participants and maintaining their privacy rights.