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Authors
Ren, Jin
Yue, Xin
Yang, Shunzhi
Liang, Yu
Yang, Yijun
Zhou, Qinling
Yang, Jinfeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (No. RCBS20221008093121051)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62272320)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2021M703371)
Post-doctoral Later-stage Foundation Project of Shenzhen Polytechnic University (No. 6024271012K)
Shenzhen Polytechnic University Research Fund (No. 6025310062K)
Research Projects of Department of Education of Guangdong Province (No. 2025KQNCX160)
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Article History
Received: 8 November 2025
Revised: 8 February 2026
Accepted: 18 February 2026
First Online: 4 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors have no conflict of interest as defined by Springer, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.
: All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and consent to its publication.
: All data used in this study were obtained from publicly available and anonymized datasets. No personal or sensitive information was collected. Therefore, ethics approval and consent to participate were not required.
