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Authors
Gamal, Roba
Barka, Hoda
Hadhoud, Mayada
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cairo University
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Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Revised: 18 December 2025
Accepted: 4 March 2026
First Online: 31 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study used publicly available datasets (ISBI, Brain MRI, and MICAII), which do not require additional ethical approval.
: Not applicable.
: The code developed for this study is proprietary and not publicly available. However, details of the methodology and implementation are provided in the manuscript. Additional information may be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
