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Retraction Note: BERT-BiGRU-Senti-GCN: An Advanced NLP Framework for Analyzing Customer Sentiments in E-Commerce

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01522-6

Published Online: 2026-08-06

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Rana, Muhammad Rizwan Rashid

Nawaz, Asif

Rehman, Saif Ur

Abid, Muhammad Ali

Garayevi, Mubariz

Kajanová, Jana
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-08-06

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Article History

First Online: 6 August 2026