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Article History

Received: 22 June 2024

Accepted: 8 January 2025

First Online: 30 January 2025

Declarations

:

: J.Y.C has received honoraria for speeches from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Takeda, TTY Biopharm, and Chugai Pharmaceutical. M.R.L. and J.Y.W. have received speaking honorarium from Pfizer, Roche, and Daiichi Sankyo. C.C.H. has received honorarium for speech or participated in compensated advisory board: Boehringer Ingelheim, Genentech, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Amgen, Roche, Novartis, BMS, MSD, Pfizer, and Ono pharmaceutical. J.Y.S. has served as an advisory board member from Roche, Boehringer Ingelheim, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Chugai Pharma, Pfizer, Takeda, CStone Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Ono Pharmaceutical, Janssen, and Bristol-Myers Squibb; received speaking honoraria from Genconn Biotech, AstraZeneca, ACTgenomics, Amgen, Roche, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Novartis, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Chugai Pharma, CStone Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Takeda, TTY Biopharm, MundiPharma, Ono Pharmaceutical, Orient EuroPharma, and Bristol-Myers Squibb; received support for attending meetings from Roche, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, and Chugai Pharma; as well as grant from Roche. N.H.C, C.W.W, H.S.L, K.C.F and C.N.H have no relevant conflicts of interest. to declare.

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) committee of the National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch (NTUH-HC REC: 109–070-E). All methods that we used were carried out following the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable. The requirement for informed consent from all research participants was waived by the Institutional Review Board Committee because all the data and information that we utilized were deidentified.

: Not applicable.