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Authors
Alandijany, Thamir A.
Balakhtab, Shahd M.
El-Kafrawy, Sherif A.
Hassan, Ahmad M.
Faizo, Arwa A.
Li, Tian-Cheng
Azhar, Esam I.
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Article History
Received: 1 March 2025
Accepted: 14 April 2025
First Online: 30 April 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Unit of Biomedical Ethics at the Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Reference no. 219 − 24\1.exe). This study was conducted using archived samples that were previously collected and stored in compliance with ethical standards and regulations. Since samples and data were analyzed anonymously with no link to subject identification, the requirement for obtaining informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Unit of Biomedical Ethics at the Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
