Jung, En-Joo
Lee, Mee-Ri
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant (RS-2025-23323371)
Soonchunhyang University Research Fund
Article History
Received: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 5 March 2026
First Online: 20 March 2026
Declaration
:
: This study was conducted using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). All original participants provided written informed consent at enrollment. The dataset used in this study was fully de-identified by the Korea Employment Information Service (KEIS) prior to release. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Soonchunhyang University (IRB no. SCH IRB 2025-09-014). The requirement for additional informed consent for the secondary analysis was waived because only anonymized data were used. All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the Declaration of Helsinki. The participants could withdraw at any time.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.