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Article History

Received: 16 February 2026

Accepted: 25 April 2026

First Online: 4 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Unit of Biomedical Ethics Research Ethics Committee at King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (NCBE Registration No: HA-02-J-008; Reference No. 140 − 23). This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki ( ). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal guardians prior to enrollment.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.