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Article History

Received: 21 August 2021

Accepted: 11 October 2021

First Online: 8 December 2021

Declarations

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: An ethical statement for the DEAS study was not necessary because only secondary analysis of existing and published data was performed and criteria for the need of an ethical statement were not met (risk for the respondents, lack of information about the aims of the study, examination of patients). This is in accordance with the German Research Foundation-guidelines (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) available at: ExternalRef removed (only available in German language). The German Centre of Gerontology (DZA) also confirmed that an ethical statement was not necessary. It is worth noting that the DEAS study has a permanent advisory board. Prior to each wave of data collection, the permanent advisory board receives detailed information about the sampling method, the consent to participate and the instruments used in the DEAS study. The permanent advisory board concluded that the DEAS study did not need approval from an ethics committee. This procedure is in concordance with local guidelines. Please also see the RatSWD (Principles and Review Procedures of Research Ethics in the Social and Economic Sciences): ExternalRef removed, page 28 (only available in German language).

: We have no conflict of interest to declare.