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Authors
Alkathiri, Ahmad Salah
Alghamdi, Renad Turki
Alamri, Abeer Ahmad
Alhazmi, Haneen Hassan
Alsharif, Sarah Badr
Alharbi, Sahab Muqbil
Aldomini, Muath
Quronfulah, Baraa Sami
Nour, Mohamed O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5741-8913
Elamin, Mohamed Osman
Alafif, Abdullah Khalid
Surbaya, Saud Hasan
Noor, Osama M. Hayat
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Article History
Received: 7 October 2024
Accepted: 25 July 2025
First Online: 21 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The Bioethics Committee of Umm Al-Qura University granted ethical approval (Reference No. HAPO-K-012-2024-2-2032). All procedures adhered to international ethical guidelines, including the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional regulations. The Makkah Health Cluster provided a letter of cooperation. Informed consent was obtained from all participants through health coaches after a clear explanation of the study objectives, emphasizing voluntary participation. All collected data remained confidential and was used exclusively for research purposes.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
