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Article History

Received: 29 May 2025

Accepted: 1 August 2025

First Online: 14 August 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants complied with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee, and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and subsequent amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Istanbul Beykent University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee for Social and Human Sciences (Date: 27.11.23, Meeting Number: 2023/10, Document Number: E-45778635-050.99-132067).

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants for inclusion in the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no potential competing interest regarding the research, authorship, or publication of this study.