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Authors
Heiniger, Caroline https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2698-1217
Chok, Lorraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0801-0759
Fernandes, Diana https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7794-6048
Barrense-Dias, Yara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7834-7707
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Unicef Switzerland and Liechtenstein
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Article History
Received: 18 July 2024
Accepted: 14 August 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was submitted to the Ethics commission of the canton of Vaud (CER-VD; protocol number 2021 − 00899), which determined that it did not fall under the scope of the Human Research Act Swiss law. Nevertheless, this study complies with Swiss and European ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. An information sheet was made available on the questionnaire homepage, adhering to the ethical standards set by the ethics committee. This sheet provided a detailed explanation of the study’s purpose, procedures and participants’ rights. By proceeding with the questionnaire and submitting their responses, participants implicitly consented to take part in the study. They were also informed of their right to withdraw at any time during the questionnaire. According to the Federal Act on Research Involving Human Beings (Human Research Act, HRA) in Switzerland, young people aged 14 and older can independently consent to participate in research if it involves only minimal risk and burden, as was the case in this study.
: Non applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
