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Authors
Mohamad, Nur Izzaty
Rahman, Ishak Abd
Özdemir, Seyhan
Ahmad, Nursaadatun Nisak
Asha’ari, Maryam Jamilah
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Article History
Received: 16 December 2024
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of Universiti Sains Malaysia (protocol code USM/JEPeM/PP/23090675) for studies involving humans. All participants were informed about the purpose of the study, and their participation was entirely voluntary. Informed consent was obtained prior to data collection.
: The authors affirm that the participants provided consent for anonymized data to be published in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
