Document is current

Article History

Received: 4 May 2025

Accepted: 19 September 2025

First Online: 28 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the American Psychological Association’s Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2017). Ethics approval was waived by the Research Centre, Acharya Narendra Dev Nagar Nigam Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Kanpur (affiliated with CSJM University, Kanpur) due to the non-invasive and minimal-risk nature of the study. The research involved no manipulation or intervention with participants. All data were collected anonymously via self-administered questionnaires. Participants were informed of the voluntary nature of their involvement, with full assurance of confidentiality and the right to withdraw at any time without consequence. Written informed consent was obtained from all student participants prior to their participation. They were informed that participation was voluntary and could be withdrawn at any time without penalty.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.