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Article History

Received: 15 April 2025

Accepted: 11 November 2025

First Online: 27 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Department of Research, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman (Approval No. DU-AY-23-24-QUES-005). All procedures complied with institutional guidelines and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. For any participants under 18 years of age, written parental/guardian consent was also obtained. Participants were informed that participation was voluntary and that they could withdraw at any time without penalty.

: Not applicable. The manuscript reports only anonymized, aggregate data and contains no identifying information, images, or case details requiring individual publication consent.

: All participants provided informed consent prior to participation. For student participants under 18 years, parental consent was also obtained. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: The authors declare no competing interests.