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Authors
Al-Ghareeb, Sahar Abdulkarim https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6844-4539
Asiri, Mousa Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-1400
Aboshaiqah, Ahmad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-2658
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Article History
Received: 14 August 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 7 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of King Fahad Specialist Hospital–Dammam (KFSH-D) under approval number EXT0449. Participation in the study was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participant anonymity and data confidentiality were maintained throughout the study.
: Consent for publication was obtained as part of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval from King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam (KFSH-D). All participants were informed about the study’s purpose, procedures, and confidentiality, and their participation was entirely voluntary.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
