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Authors
Akram, Shahla https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3857-3950
Sohail, Fatima https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5072-7125
Chaudhary, Dua https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6402-0315
Shafqat, Ayesha https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7537-1293
Hameed, Ume Ruman https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0285-9295
Saeed, Muhammad Kashif https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7853-4211
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Article History
Received: 11 June 2025
Accepted: 4 December 2025
First Online: 7 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Peshawar on 03 February 2024 (Approval ID: REB-03/16). The approved scope included students from schools and universities, teachers, and institutional leaders, focusing on motivation, school issues, and the use of technology. The research strictly adhered to ethical standards, ensuring participants’ privacy, confidentiality, informed consent, dignity, and voluntary participation. It complied with international ethical guidelines. All research materials and procedures were reviewed and approved by the Dean for Research, confirming full compliance with these standards. During data collection, participants gave written informed consent. They received clear details about the study’s purpose, methods, and confidentiality. Participation was voluntary, anonymous, and risk-free. No special populations were involved. Participants could withdraw anytime. Data collection took place between 15- Jun- 2024 and 30-Jun-2024.
: not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests
