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Authors
Yueh, Hsiu-Ping
Wang, Yi-Ren
Huang, Tsung-Ren
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC114-2622-H-002–002)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC112-2628-H-002-013-MY4)
National Taiwan University (NTU114L8947)
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Article History
Received: 31 December 2024
Accepted: 5 December 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Office of National Taiwan University (NTU-REC202305HS096). All study procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards with the Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.Hsiu-Ping Yueh declares that they are an Editorial Board Member of Discover Psychology and confirms that they were not involved in the handling or decision-making regarding their own submission.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Prior to the experimental manipulation, participants were provided with information about the purpose, process, risks, rights, and data storage and usage methods of the study, and provided their written consent.
