Fitriyah, Isnanik Juni
Saputro, Sulistyo
Muqoyyidin, Andik Wahyun
Erlangga, Sony Yunior
Aprilia, Septi
Article History
Received: 10 September 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 27 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study received ethical clearance from the Ethics Committee of Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia (Approval No: 17.9.16/UN32.14/PB/2025). The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All participants were informed about the objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits of the study. Informed consent was obtained voluntarily from all doctoral students involved in the interviews prior to data collection. Participants were assured of confidentiality and anonymity throughout the research process.
: Participants provided written consent allowing the anonymous use of their statements and experiences for publication purposes. No identifying personal information is disclosed in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.