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Authors
Imran, Muhammad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8754-2157
Akhtar, Samina https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5959-1844
Khurshid, Khalid https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2744-2389
Maqbool, Muhammad Adnan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4727-3105
Almusharraf, Norah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6362-4502
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Prince Sultan University
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Article History
Received: 18 September 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 25 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Review Committee, Department of Education, The Women University, Multan (ERC No: 2025-ERC-ED05, dated January 13, 2025). The study adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
