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Article History

Received: 8 July 2025

Accepted: 5 January 2026

First Online: 7 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of An-Najah National University (Approval No. Hum. Mar. 2024/25). The research involved minimal risk activities, specifically structured interviews with participants. The approval covered all aspects of participant recruitment, data collection, and analysis. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was conducted in accordance with ethical standards for research involving human participants. All participants provided informed consent after being fully informed of the study’s purpose, procedures, and their rights, including the right to withdraw at any time without penalty. In addition, informed consent to publish anonymized data and descriptive information was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participants were assured that their responses and any demographic descriptions included in the publication would be fully anonymized and non-identifiable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.