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Article History

Received: 21 November 2025

Accepted: 19 January 2026

First Online: 9 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This research was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Approval No. NRJ25/005/4, dated 26 June 2025). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of KAIMRC and with the principles of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Participation was voluntary and anonymous, and completion of the online survey was considered as providing informed consent. All participants were adults aged 18 years and older. Participation in this study was entirely voluntary. Before beginning the online survey, participants were presented with an information page describing the purpose of study, procedures, confidentiality, and their rights as participants. Informed consent was obtained electronically, and completion of the survey was considered as freely given, informed consent to participate.

: Not applicable. No identifiable personal data, images, or individual-level information are included in this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.