Document is current

Article History

Received: 10 August 2025

Accepted: 20 January 2026

First Online: 29 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Department of Science and Technology Ethics Committee of HUTECH University (Approval Number: 2026.18.MAR-KDQT) in accordance with the institutional research ethics guidelines and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent electronically prior to completing the survey. Participation was entirely voluntary, and respondents could withdraw at any point without consequence. No personally identifiable information was collected, and all data were analysed anonymously to ensure confidentiality and privacy.

: Not applicable

: The authors declare no competing interests.