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Article History

Received: 2 June 2025

Accepted: 23 January 2026

First Online: 1 February 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Human Research in Social Sciences of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University (Protocol No. 2023/149).

: Informed consent was obtained electronically from all individual participants prior to their participation in the study. Participation was voluntary, and participants were informed that they could withdraw at any time without penalty.

: Not applicable. This study does not include any identifying images or personal/clinical data requiring consent for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.