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Article History

Received: 20 August 2025

Accepted: 25 January 2026

First Online: 31 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the approving committee and with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Formal permission to conduct the study was also obtained from the appropriate Nigerian Army authorities prior to data collection.

: All participants provided consent for the anonymized use of their data for research dissemination and academic publication. No personally identifiable information was collected or reported, and all data were presented in aggregate form to ensure confidentiality.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrolment in the study. Participants were provided with detailed information regarding the study objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Participation was entirely voluntary, and respondents were informed of their right to decline participation or withdraw from the study at any time without penalty or adverse consequences to their military duties or access to healthcare services.

: The authors declare no competing interests.