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Authors
Mapayi, Boladale Moyosore
Ibigbami, Olanrewaju
Akinsulore, Adesanmi
Akanji, Michael
Opara, Onyedikachi
Olukokun, Kehinde Joseph
Agoke, Oluwapelumi
Banjo, Olufunmilayo
Foláyan, Moréniké Oluwátóyìn
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tertiary Education Trust Fund
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Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 27 January 2026
First Online: 2 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the Institute of Public Health at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (approval number: IPH/OAU/12/2445). All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the national research committee and with the Helsinki Declaration.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study before their participation. Participants were provided with detailed information regarding the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits, and were informed of their right to withdraw at any time without penalty.
: Consent for publication was obtained from all participants. Participants provided consent for the use of anonymized quotations in scholarly publications. No identifying information is included in this manuscript.
: Moréniké Oluwátóyìn Foláyan is a Senior Editor Board member of BMC Oral Health. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.
