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Article History

Received: 11 October 2025

Accepted: 4 February 2026

First Online: 11 February 2026

Declarations

:

: All data collection procedures adhered to the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration. Ethical review and approval were not required for this study in accordance with local legislation and institutional requirements in Iran issued by the National Committee for Ethics in Research (NAOEC, 2020), as the study did not involve sensitive cases such as children, patients, animals, or plants.

: Participants in this study were adult teachers who willingly and consciously participated by providing written informed consent prior to the study.

: the author has no competing interests to disclose.