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Article History

Received: 29 August 2025

Accepted: 10 March 2026

First Online: 17 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Medipol University Human Ethics Committee (Approval Number: 831, dated August 24, 2024). All study procedures, participant protections, and data management protocols were reviewed and approved in accordance with institutional and international ethical guidelines, including the Declaration of Helsinki.

: All participants provided informed consent prior to participation. The consent process was conducted electronically via the Google Forms platform, which included detailed explanations of the study's aims, procedures, potential risks and benefits, confidentiality measures, and the voluntary nature of participation. Participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any time without penalty.

: All participants were informed that anonymized data may be used for publication and scientific dissemination. As all data were de-identified and presented in aggregate form, individual consent for publication was not applicable.

: Claude Opus 4.5 (Anthropic, 2025) was used to assist with manuscript preparation, including improving clarity, language refinement, and formatting. All AI-generated content was critically reviewed and edited by the authors, who assume full responsibility for the final manuscript. The AI tool was not involved in study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation of results.

: The authors declare no competing interests.